Internal-combustion engine



C. l. MOORE.

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APPLICATION FILED APR. 2.19%?. RENEWED KAY 10.1920

Patented Feb. 8, 1921.

3 SHEEISv--SMET I.

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iNHRNAL COMBUSTON ENGINE,

APPLICATION FILED APILZ, lvl?. RENEWE MAY 10. 1920.

3 SHEETS'SHEET 3y Patented Feb. 8, 1921.

UNITED STATES PATENT oFFicE.

CHESTER J. MOORE. 0F EAST ST. LOUIS. ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGN- MENTS, T0 VICTORY MOTORS COMPANY. A CORPORATION 0F ILLINOIS.

INTERNAL-coMBUsfrIoN ENGINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Feb. 8, 1921.

Application led April 2, 1917, Serial No. 159,110. Renewed May 10, 1920. Serial No. 880,344.

To all whom 'it may concern Be it known that I, CHESTER J. MOORE, a citizen of the United States, residin at the city and county of Denver and tate of Colorado, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Internal-Combustion Engines; and I do declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to makt` and use the same. reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the characters of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

My invention relates to improvements in internal ccmbustion or explosive engines, and my object is to provide a construction of this character which is very compact, economical in cost and exceedingly efficient in operation.

The principal feature of my improved construction is that the pistons which are adapted to reciprocate in cach cylinder, are themselves made in the shape of cylinders, and thus I present a construction in which cylinders reciprocate within cylinders. The engine cylinders are arranged in pairs and two rotary valves are located between the cylinders comprising each pair, each of said valves having two passages or ports therein and the said ports adapted to register respectively with ports formed in the casing and communicating with the said cylinders and the two ports of one valve also adapted to register with the manifold, while the two ports of the other valve are also adapted to register with the intake of the engine, and means are provided for rotating both of said valves whereby explosive mixture can be introduced both within the cylinders 'comprising the pistons and within the cylinders proper of the engine above the heads of the said pistons during one cycle of the engine, and thus explosions will occur at suitably timed intervals above and below the piston heads during each cycle of the said engine.

In carrying out this idea, stationary bulkheads or partitions are located within the piston cylinders, the said bulkheads being mounted in the walls of the engine cylinders by means of pins which extend through elongated slots formed in the said piston cylinders whereby the latter can freely reciprocate and the explosive mixture is compressed and exploded within the pistons between the heads of the latter and upper surfaces of the bulkheads.

By virtue of .the above described arrangement enabling me to produce ex losions both above and below the piston hea s,I obtain twice the number of explosions to each cycle of the engine that is possible to be produced in the engines of ordinary construction, and I thereby greatly increase the power and efiiciency of the engine. i i

Having briefly outlined my improved construction, I will proceed to describe the same in detail, reference being made to the accompanying drawing, in which is illustrated an embodiment thereof. In this drawing Figure 1 is a sectional View of my improved engine taken on the line 1-1 Fig. 2 looking in the direction of the arrow, but showing two sets of cylinders.

Fig. 2 is a sectional view taken on the line 2-2 Fig. 1 looking in the direction of the arrow.

Fig. 3 is a view taken on the line 3?-3 Fig. 1 looking in the direction of the arrow.

Fig. 4 is a section taken on the line 4 4 Fig. 2 looking in the direction of the arrow.

Fig. 5 is a detail sectional view of the cylinder comprising the piston.

Fig. 6 is a detail view of one of the bulkheads which I employ in my improved construction.

Fig. 7 is a sectional view taken on the line 7-7 Fig. 2 looking in the direction of the arrow.

The same reference characters indicate the same parts in all the views. Y

Let the numeral 5 designate a crank case in which is journaled a crank shaft 6. Near the left-hand end of the case (referring to Fig. 1) a gear wheel 7 is secured upon the crank shaft and adapted to mesh with a larger gear wheel 8 loosely mounted upon a journal 9. the diameter of the gear wheel 8 being twice that of the gear wheel 7. Also loosely mounted upon the journal 9 and connected with the gear wheel 8 as disclosed at l0 is another gear wheel 12 somewhat smaller in diameter than the said gear wheel 8, but approximately twice as thick as the latter. This gear wheel 12 is adapted to mesh with two gear wheels 13 and 14 rigidly mounted upon shafts 15 and 16 respectively which are journaled in the ing 5 and the three gear wheels 12, 13 and 14 are or" the same diameter.

Mounted upon the gear casing 5 is an engine casing 17 having our cylindersbored therein, the said cylinders being arranged in groups of two each, the cylinders of the group to the left (referring to Fig. 1) being designated by the numerals 18 and 19 and the cylinders of the group to the right being designated by the numerals 2O and 21, the top walls or" all of the said cylindersbeing inclined to facilitate the compression of explosive mixture. This engine casing is provided with the usual water jacket 22 secured thereto as shown at 23.

Adapted to reciprocate in each of the engine cylinders, is a cylinder shaped piston 24 composed of a sleeve 25 and upper and lower heads 26 and 27 respectively (see Fig. 5), the lower head 27 being provided with spaced perforated ears 28 adapted to be pivotally connected with the upper extremity of a pitman 29 by means of a pin 30. The

lower extremity of this pitman 29 is pivotallyconnected at 31 with crank arms 32 secured to the crank shaft 6, the connections between the two pitmen ot each pair of cylinders and thesaid crank shaft 6 being 18()o apart.

Located in each engine cylinder and within the sleeve 25 of the piston 24 is a cylindrical bulkhead or elongated partition 33 (see Figs. 1 and 6) which is stationary, the said bulkhead being supported by the wall of the engine cylinder by means of a pin 34 whichis passed lthrough the bulkhead to one side of a perpendicular plane passed through the vcenter of the latter and whose extremities enter perforations 35 formed .in the said cylinder wall. The said pin 34 also extends through two elongated slots 36 formed in the sleeve 25 of the piston whereby the latter can freely reciprocate within the engine cylinder. Also the upper surface of each bulkhead is inclined as disclosed at 37 to facilitate compression of the explosive mixture upon the downward stroke of the piston. The sleeve 25 of the piston is further provided with two elongated slots 38 and 39 which are adapted to be continuously in register `with ports 40 and 41 respectively formed in the engine casing, the saidports communicating respectively with openings 42 and 43 which are also 'formed in the engine casing and in which openings are located relatively longl cylindrical valves44 and 45 respectively adapted to rotate therein. The lower extremities ot these valves 44 and 45 bear upon shoulders` 46 of the engine casing and are'provided with packing rings 47 to form a duid-tight connection.

The upper extremities oi the said valves enter recesses formed in the top of the casing and are provided with flanges 48 which engage the bottoms of the said recesses. These recesses are closed by screw caps 49 whose under-surfaces are recessed as shown at 5() to receive balls 51 and between which and the tops of the valves 44. and which are also recessed, are located coiled springs 52 wherebyr the said valves are placed under tension.

ln the further description of my improved construction, thev valve mechanism will be described with reference to one cylinder only, viz., 18, inasmuch as the valves between each pair of cylinders operate in the same manner with respect to both of said cylinders, and the openings in which the valves are located, are in communication with the cylinders arranged upon opposite sides thereof by means to form communication between the intake 54 and the port 40 formed in the casing between the cylinder 18 and the said opening 42 1n which the valve 44 is located, this port 40 also being at all times in communication with the interior oI'` the piston 24 through the medium of the elongated slot 38 in the latter.

rThe valve 45 is provided with an upper port 57 which is ac apted to form communication between the exhaust 58 of the engine and a port 59 formed in the casing between the upper extremity of the cylinder 18 and the opening 43 in which the said valve 45 is located. The valve-45 is also provided with a lower port 60 adapted to form communication between the exhaust 58 and the port 41 formed in the casing between the cylinfder 18 and the opening 43 in which the said valve 45 is located. VThe port 41 is also at all times vin communication with the interior oi the cylindrical shaped piston 24 by l means of the elongated slot 39 in the latter.

adapted to mesh with the similar bevel gearl 65 secured upon the shafts 15and 16, there being two bevel gears 65 upon each of said shafts to correspond to the tour valves. In view of this connection between the valves 44 and 45 and the shafts 15 and 16 upon memset which the gear wheels 13 and 14 are respectively mounted, the said valves will be given a half turn for each complete revolution of the crank shaft 6 since the diameter of the gear wheel 7 secured upon the latter is only one-half that of the gear 8, while gear wheel 12 which is secured to the said gear wheel 8 and adapted to mesh with the gear wheels 13 and 14 is of the same diameter as the latter. It also follows that for each half revolution of the crank shaft 6 a quarter turn will be imparted to the valves 44 and 45.

In view of the above description, the operation of my improved construction will be readily understood, and in describing this operation, reference is made particularl to Fig. 7 as this is the only figure in w ich the exact relation of both valves to a single cylinder is disclosed, and it is believed that such description will be suttcient, since as before mentioned, the operation of the valves is the same with respect to both of the cylinders between which they are located.

In the first place, it will be assumed that an explosion has just taken place within the piston 24 between the bulkhead 33 and the iston head 26 whereby the said piston is orced to its upward limit of movement, and it will also be assumed that upon this stroke of the said piston, gas is compressed in the upper portlon of the engine cylinder 18 above the head 26 of the piston. This position of the piston is disclosed in Fig. 7 and it will be noticed that the port 60 of the valve 45 is in register with the port 41 of the casing and the exhaust 58, all other communication with the engine cylinder and the interior of the piston being cut off. The charge of explosive mixture above the piston head 26 will then be ignited by the spark plug 62 which will force the piston downwardly and during this stroke the interior of the latter between the bulkhead 33 and the said piston head 26, will be scavenged by way of the port 60 of the valve 45. By the time the piston has reached its lowermost limit of movement, a quarter of a turn to the right will have been imparted to each valve which will throw the port 60 of the valve 45 out of register and bring the port 57 of said valve into register with the port 59 in the casing and exhaust 58. Also the port 56 of the valve 44 will be brought into register with the intake 54 and the port 40 in the casing. By virtue of this fact during the upward stroke of the piston, explosive mixture will be drawn into the latter between the piston head 26 and the bulkhead 33 by way of port 56 of the valve 44 and the cylinder 18 above the piston head 26 will be scavenged by way of the port 57 which is in register with the exhaust 58. Another quarter of a turn has xnew been imparted to the valves ,44 and 45 whereupon the port 53 of the valve 44 is brought into negister w-ith the lltake 54 and port 55 of the casing, the lother porta 0f both valves being new out of register.. Thus during the downward stroke of the .i the explosive mixture within the latiil' between the head 26 thereof and the bulkhead 33 will be compressed, while a ifrh aber of explosive mixture is being drawn intl) tgz cylinder 18 above the said piston head 26 by way of the port 53 of the valve 44;. When the piston has reached its lowelanost tion, the ports of both valves will be out of register since the said valves have been,

given another quarter turn and die charge of compressed explosive mixture within e piston will be ignited by the spark plug 61 whereby the piston will be forced upwardly and the mixture within the cylinder 18 above the piston head 26 will be compressed. By this time the valves will be again rotated to the position disclosed in 7 wherein the port 6() of the valve 45 1s in register with the interior of the piston and the exhaust 58 and the charge of mixture in the cylinder 18 above the piston head is compressed and ready for ignition when the aforesaid operation is repeated., It will, of course, be understood that the same operation takes place within each cylinder, but the steps of the operation take place at different intervals in each of sud cylinders, and thus it will be readily seen that I obtain twice the number of explosions in each cylinder during one cycle of the engine that is possible to produce in an engine of the ordinary construction.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim ist 1. In an internal combustion e 'ne the combination with a pair of cylin ers provided with ports, a piston in each c linder in the form of a sleeve, passages t rough said sleeves whereby the interior of each piston is in communication with certain of said ports, a pair of valves rotatably mounted adjacent said cylinders, each valve having passages therein adapted for cation with each cylinder through said ports.

2. In an internal combustion engine the combination with a pair of cylinders provided with ports, a piston in each cylinder in the form of a sleeve, passages through said sleeves whereby the interior of each piston is in communication with certain of said ports, a pair of valves rotatably mounted adjacent said cylinders, each valve having passages therein adapted for communication with each cylinder tintoh h said ports, the passages in each of sag. valves bilng arranged at right angles to one ano er.

3. In an engine .the

i combination of a cylinder provided with ports, a piston comprising a sleeve having upper and lower heads adapted to reciprocate within said cylinder, the sleeve of the l piston being provided with slots continually in register with certain of the ports of the cylinder, andvalves mounted adjacent the latter provided with portsadapted to register respectively with the ports of the said cylinder for the purpose set forth anda stationary partition mounted within said piston. Y

5, In an internal combustion engine the combination of a cylinder' provided with ports, a piston comprising a sleeve having upper and lower heads adapted to register within said cylinder, the sleeve of the piston being provided with slots continually in register with certain of the ports of the cylinder,.a bulkhead located within said sleeve, a pin passed through the said bulkhead and its extremities extending through the slots in the sleeve and entering perforations formed in the wall of the cylinder, and valves rotatably mounted adjacent the-latter and provided with ports adapted to register respectively with the ports of the cylinder for the purpose set forth.

6. In an internal combustion engine the combination with the manifold and exhaust,

yof a lcylinder provided with ports, a piston in the form of a cylinder adapted to reciprocate within said cylinder, a partition located within the piston, but attached to the engine cylinder, and two valves rotatably mounted adjacent the latter provided with ports adapted to register respectively with the ports of the engine cylinder and the ports of one valve also adapted to register with the manifold, while the ports of the other valve are alsoradapted to register with the exhaust of the engine.

7. In an internal combustion engine the combination with the manifold and exhaust, of a cylinder provided with four ports, a piston in the form of a cylinder adapted to reciprocate in the engine cylinder, the interior of said piston cylinder being constantly in communication with two of said ports, a partition located within the piston, but at'- tached to the en gine cylinder, and two valves rotatably mounted adjacent the latter and each valve provided with two ports, said v der connected with the said crank shaft and adapted to reciprocate in the engine cylinder, the interior of said piston cylinderrbeing constantly in communication with certain of said ports, a partition located within the piston, but attached to the engine cylinder, two cylindrical valves rotatably mounted adjacent the latter and each valve provided with two ports, said ports adapted to register respectively with the ports kof the engine cylinder and the two ports of one valve also adaptedA to register with the manifold, while the two ports of the other valve are also adapted to register with the exhaust of the engine, and means for imparting a quarter of a turn to each of said rotary valves for each half revolution of the crank shaft of the engine for the purpose set forth. v

9. In an internal combustion engine the combination with the crank shaft, manifold and exhaust of a pair of cylinders each pro vided with four ports, pistons in the form of cylinders connected with the said Vcrank shaft and adapted to reciprocate vin the engine cylinders, the interior of said piston cylinders being constantly in communication with certain of said ports of the respective engine cylinder, partitions located within the pistons, but attached to the engine cylinders, two cylindrical valves rotatably inountedbetween the latter, and each valve provided with two ports, said ports adapted to register respectively with the oppositely disposed ports of the engine cylinders and the two ports of one valve also adapted to register with the manifold, while the two ports of the other valve are also adapted to register with the exhaust of the engine, and means for imparting a quarter of a turn to each of said rotary valves for .each half revolution of the crank shaft of the engine for the purpose set forth.

10. An internal combustion engine including a cylinder having ports, a piston in the form of a cylinder adapted to reciprocate in said engine cylinder, and a partition located within the piston, but attached to the wall of the engine cylinder the piston having a slot continually in register with certain of the cylinder ports. Y

11. An internal combustion engine including a cylinder having ports, a piston adapted to reciprocate therein, said piston comprising a sleeveclosed at one end,-and a partition located within the said sleeve, but supported by the cylinder the piston having a slot continually in register with certain of the cylinder ports.

12. An internal combustion engine including a cylinder having ports, a piston adapted to reciprocate therein, said piston comprising a sleeve closed at one end and having slots formed'therein, a partition located within the said sleeve, and means secured to the said partition and extending through the slots in the sleeve and ada ted to enter perforations formed in the wal of the cylinder for the purpose set forth, said piston having other slots continually in reg- 15 ister with the cylinder ports.

In testimon whereof I alix my signature, in presence o two witnesses.

CHESTER J MOORE. Witnesses MARY HIGGINS, A. EBERT OBnmN. 

